.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-us

README.md

@@ -3,21 +3,3 @@
 Opens a shell as a different user without needing to authenticate as that user.
 This is similar to the behavior of `su` but it allows to execute privileged
 and/or commands as any other user without needing their password.
-It doesn't use PAM, instead relies on shadow files and the passwd database
-to check if the given password is correct. Support for different methods of
-authentication is planned.
-
-## Installing
-
-To install use `make install` and to uninstall use `make uninstall`, all 
-other documentation is provided as man pages, `man us` will give general
-information about the utility and how to use it and `man us.conf` contains
-info about the config file format.
-
-## Supported platforms
-
-All platforms that store the encrypted password in `/etc/passwd` should be
-supported, which to this day are none. Linux is supported through `shadow(3)`
-and OpenBSD through its API. Support for more systems is planned.
-This program is libc-agnostic as (apart from authentication) it is POSIX
-compliant code.

TODO

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+- Modify the following environment variables: (listed in environ(7))
+	* USER -> to target user
+	* LOGNAME -> to target user
+	* SHELL -> to the target user's SHELL
+	* HOME -> to the target user's HOME
+
+- fork before exec, that is because processes might try to kill us or the 
+	command but since they may run under elevated privileges they will get
+	permission denied error. If we remain the parent processes, unprivileged
+	proceses can send signals to us and we will relay them to our children
+	running at the same privilege as us. This is useful when:
+		- The child command hangs and we want to cose it, kinda
+			problematic but we could run kill with us as well
+		- The parent shell dies and children need to be killed, then 
+			since one of their children (us) has higher privileges
+			they can't kill us and we would end up as zombies

config.template

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
+=======================
+
+1. commands must be given by absolute path, that's because if you do otherwise
+	nopassword commands could be hijacked:
+
+	in the config:
+		nopass badguy as root cmd zzz
+	in the shell:
+		~ $ export PATH=/home/badguy/test:$PATH
+		~ $ mkdir test
+		~ $ printf '#!/bin/sh\nrm -rf --no-preserve-root' > test/zzz
+		~ $ chmod +x test/zzz
+		~ $ us zzz  #this deletes the filesystem without password!
+
+IDEA 1
+======
+
+# this is a comment
+# rules are goruped by user/group
+# rules are structured somewhat like json, example:
+
+# Only 'command' is allowed to run without a password, all the rest is blocked
+ale {
+	allow {
+		command nopass
+	}
+
+	deny {
+		/.*/
+	}
+}
+
+IDEA 2 - THE DOAS WAY
+=====================
+
+# this is a comment
+# every line is a rule
+# rules are structured like this:
+
+permit|deny [options] identity [as target] [cmd command [args ...]]
+
+# look at doas.conf(5) for more information
+
+IDEA 2-3
+========
+
+# reverse-doas way
+-> identity permit|deny [command [args ...]] [options]
+
+# but how would I distinguish between command and options? 
+-> identity [options] permit|deny [command [args ...]]
+
+# spaces are not a very good separatow when in comes to commands
+-> identity,[options],permit|deny,[command [args ...]]
+
+#
+# this is kinda similar to a crontab, basically options are required
+#
+
+  # config structure:
+  -> identity options as action [command [args ...]]
+        ^        ^     ^   ^
+     can be *    |     | permit, deny  
+     can be nil (NULL) |
+                     can be *
+  
+  # permit user "ale" to execute command "shutdown" as root without password:
+    -> ale nopass root permit shutdown
+  # permit members of the wheel group to execute any comands as any user:
+    -> :wheel nil * permit
+  # deny users of the wheel group to execute commands that begin with "sys":
+  # this could be circumvented by having the command inside a shell script
+    -> :wheel nil * deny /sys.*/
+  # deny all users to execute all comands as any other user
+    -> * nil * deny
+#
+# let's scramble things up to make more sense
+#
+     [action] options identity as [command [args ...]]
+        ^        ^      ^    ^
+        |        |  can both be * (any)  
+        |  can be none, comma separated
+      none: permit
+      '!': deny (negate rule)
+
+  # allow users of the wheel group to execute any command as root:
+    -> none :wheel root
+  # deny all users to execute commands that start with "sys"
+    -> ! none * * /sys.*/
+
+IDEA 3 - THE SUCKLESS WAY
+=========================
+
+configuration should happen inside a source file called config.h, to apply
+changes to the configuration the program has to be recompiled

makefile

@@ -1,34 +1,27 @@
-.POSIX:
-
 CC ?= gcc
 CFLAGS = -Wall -pedantic --std=c99 -O2
 DBG_CFLAGS = -Wall -Werror -pedantic --std=c99 -O0 -g
-SYSTEM != uname
-LDFLAGS != if [ '${SYSTEM}' != 'OpenBSD' ]; then echo '-lcrypt'; fi
+LDFLAGS = -lpam -lpam_misc
 PREFIX = /usr/local
 MANPREFIX = ${PREFIX}/share/man
 
 us: us.c
 
 dbg:
-	${CC} ${LDFLAGS} ${DBG_CFLAGS} us.c -o us
+	gcc ${LDFLAGS} ${DBG_CFLAGS} us.c -o us
 
 install: us
 	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin
 	cp -f us ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/us
-	chown 0:0 ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/us
+	chown root:root ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/us
 	chmod 4755 ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/us
-	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
-	cp -f us.1 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/us.1
-	chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/us.1
-	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man5
-	cp -f us.conf.5 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man5/us.conf.5
-	chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man5/us.conf.5
+#	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1
+#	cp -f us.1 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/us.1
+#	chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/us.1
 
 uninstall:
-	rm -f ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/us \
-		${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/us.1
-		${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/us.conf.5
+	rm -f ${DESTDIR}${PREFIX}/bin/us
+#		${DESTDIR}${MANPREFIX}/man1/us.1
 
 clean:
 	rm -f us us-dbg

us.1

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-.TH US 1 "JULY 2021" "Alessandro Mauri"
-
-.SH NAME
-us \- execute command with another identity
-
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.SY us
-.OP \-hseA
-.OP \-u user
-.OP \-g group
-.OP \-C config
-.OP command
-.OP args
-.YS
-
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
-The
-.BR us
-utility executes the given command as another identity, which by default is
-root. If no command is specified, it starts a shell as that user.
-.PP
-In order to execute anything users need to authenticate and the user + target
-identity configuration must be allowed in the configuration file, see
-.BR us.conf(5)
-for more information.
-.PP
-By default when a command or shell gets executed a new environment gets created,
-USER is set with the target user, as well as LOGNAME, SHELL and HOME get all set
-with the default values for the target user.
-PATH, TERM, EDITOR, VISUAL, DISPLAY and XAUTHORITY instead are kept between
-execution.
-Lastly a new variable US_USER is added (but not overridden) which contains the
-calling user's username.
-.PP
-Invoking the program logs by default to
-.BR syslog(2)
-the outcome of the invocation, this behavior can be changed in the config.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.IP \-h
-Print usage info message.
-.IP \-s
-Use the calling user's SHELL instead of the target user's one.
-.IP \-e
-Keep the entire environment between execution instead of just PATH, TERM,
-EDITOR, VISUAL, DISPLAY and XAUTHORITY; user variables still get overridden.
-.IP \-A
-Instead of prompting for a password,
-.BR us
-executes the command specified in the variable US_ASKPASS and reads it's stdout
-as the password. If US_ASKPASS is not specified then it will fall back
-prompting the password.
-.IP "\-u user"
-Change the target identity to
-.I user
-(default is root).
-.IP "\-g group"
-Set the group of the target user to
-.I group
-instead of the target user's default, also add it to the group list.
-.IP "\-C config"
-Use the specified config file
-
-.SH "RETURN VALUE"
-The
-.BR us
-utility returns 0 on success and != 0 on failure which may occur on various
-occasions. An error message will be outputted to specify the reason.
-
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR su(1)
-.BR us.conf(5)
-
-.SH AUTHOR
-Alessandro Mauri <alemauri001@tuta.io>
-

us.c

@@ -17,16 +17,9 @@
 */
 
 #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
-#ifdef __linux__
 #define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
-#else
-#define _BSD_SOURCE
-#endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -35,111 +28,34 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <grp.h>
-#include <termios.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <syslog.h>
+#include <security/pam_appl.h>
+#include <security/pam_misc.h>
 
-#if !defined(_XOPEN_CRYPT) || _XOPEN_CRYPT == -1
-#include <crypt.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__linux__)
-#include <shadow.h>
-#endif
-
-#define MAX_HASH 1024
-#define PASS_MAX 1024
-#define CONF_LINE_MAX 1024
-#define GROUPS_MAX 256
-#define STR_MAX 1024
-#define FLAG_PERSIST 0x1
-#define FLAG_NOPASS 0x2
-#define FLAG_NOLOG 0x4
-#define SESSION_FILE_DIR "/var/run"
-#define SESSION_TIMEOUT (60*5)
-#define FAIL_PAUSE 3
-
-struct env_elem {
-	char *name;
-	char *value;
-};
-
-struct config {
-	int type;
-	int flags;
-	char *who;
-	char *as;
-	struct env_elem *env;
-	int env_n;
-};
-
-struct user_info {
-	union {
-		struct passwd pw;
-		struct group gr;
-	} d;
-	char str[STR_MAX];
-};
-
-static void *emalloc(size_t);
-static char *estrdup(const char *);
-void *erealloc(void *, size_t);
-static void usage(int);
-static void die(const char *, ...);
+static void usage (void);
 static int perm_set (struct passwd *, struct group *);
-static int authenticate(uid_t, int, int);
-static struct passwd* user_to_passwd(const char *, struct user_info *);
-static struct group* group_to_grp(const char *, struct user_info *);
-static int get_config(struct config **, int *);
+static int authenticate (const char *);
+static struct passwd* user_to_passwd (const char *);
+static struct group* group_to_grp (const char *);
+//static int execvpe(const char *, char *const *, char *const *);
+
+// FIXME: misc_conv is a separate library, should stick to plain PAM or make
+// our own pam module
+static struct pam_conv conv = {misc_conv, NULL};
 
 extern char **environ;
-char *config_file = "/etc/us.conf";
-int tty_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
-struct termios tio_before = {0};
-
-void int_handler(int signum)
-{
-	(void)signum;
-	if (tio_before.c_iflag || tio_before.c_oflag || tio_before.c_iflag)
-		tcsetattr(tty_fd, TCSANOW, &tio_before);
-	putchar('\n');
-	exit(signum);
-}
 
 int main (int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	char *t_usr = "root", *t_grp = NULL;
 	struct passwd *t_pw;
 	struct group *t_gr;
-	struct user_info t_gr_info = {0}, t_pw_info = {0};
 	int opt, err;
-	int shellflag = 0, envflag = 0, askpass = 0;
-
-	/* Save the terminal setup, don't fail since we don't know if we'll
-	 * need it, save it because some shells don't reset termios upon
-	 * program exit, if we don't reset it after a SIGINT or SIGTERM then
-	 * the controlling terminal will be stuck in no echo */
-	if (tcgetattr(tty_fd, &tio_before) == -1) {
-		tio_before.c_iflag = 0;
-		tio_before.c_oflag = 0;
-		tio_before.c_cflag = 0;
-	}
-	struct sigaction action;
-	memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
-	action.sa_handler = int_handler;
-	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &action, NULL) == -1)
-		die("Error setting interrupt handler:");
-	if (sigaction(SIGTERM, &action, NULL) == -1)
-		die("Error setting interrupt handler:");
-	
-	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "Au:g:C:seh")) != -1) {
+	int shellflag = 0, envflag = 0;
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "A:u:g:C:se")) != -1) {
 		switch (opt) {
 		case 'A':
-			askpass = 1;
+			printf("-A is not yet implemented\n");
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 			break;
 		case 'u':
 			t_usr = optarg;
@@ -148,7 +64,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			t_grp = optarg;
 			break;
 		case 'C':
-			config_file = optarg;
+			printf("-C is not yet implemented\n");
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 			break;
 		case 's':
 			shellflag = 1;
@@ -156,146 +73,36 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		case 'e':
 			envflag = 1;
 			break;
-		case 'h':
-			usage(1);
-			exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-			break;
 		case '?':
-			usage(0);
+			usage();
 			exit(EINVAL);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/* Get user info */
+	const char *uname;
 	char *shell;
 	uid_t ruid = getuid();
-	struct passwd *my_pw = NULL;
-	struct user_info my_info = {0};
-	getpwuid_r(ruid, &my_info.d.pw, my_info.str, STR_MAX, &my_pw);
+	struct passwd *my_pw = getpwuid(ruid);
 	if (!my_pw) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "getpwid: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 		return errno;
 	}
-	char *my_name = my_pw->pw_name;
-	gid_t my_groups[GROUPS_MAX];
-	int n_groups = 0;
-	if ((n_groups = getgroups(GROUPS_MAX, my_groups)) == -1)
-		die("getgroups:");
+	uname = my_pw->pw_name;
+
+	/* Authenticate */
+	if (authenticate(uname) != PAM_SUCCESS)
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
 
 	/* Get target user and group info */
-	t_pw = user_to_passwd(t_usr, &t_pw_info);
-	if (!t_pw)
-		die("user_to_passwd:");
-	t_gr = group_to_grp(t_grp, &t_gr_info);
-	gid_t t_groups[GROUPS_MAX];
-	int nt_groups = GROUPS_MAX;
-	if (getgrouplist(t_pw->pw_name, t_pw->pw_gid, t_groups, &nt_groups) == -1)
-		die("getgrouplist:");
-
-	/* Don't have to wait for children */
-	struct sigaction sa = {0};
-	sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
-	sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDWAIT;
-	if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1)
-		die("sigaction:");
-
-	/* From now on most actions require root */
-	if (setuid(0) == -1)
-		die("setuid:");
-	if (setgid(0) == -1)
-		die("setgid:");
-
-	/* get info from the config file and check if the action we want to
-	 * do is permitted */
-	struct env_elem *env_extra = NULL;
-	struct config *conf = NULL;
-	int conf_num, conf_flags = 0, env_extra_n = 0;
-	if (get_config(&conf, &conf_num) <= 0)
-		die("get_config: invalid config");
-	int here = 0;
-	for (int i = 0; i < conf_num; i++) {
-		struct passwd *who_pw, *as_pw;
-		struct group *who_gr, *as_gr;
-		struct user_info who_info = {0}, as_info = {0};
-		int who_usr = conf[i].who[0] == ':' ? 0 : 1;
-		int as_usr = conf[i].as[0] == ':' ? 0 : 1;
-
-		if (who_usr) {
-			who_pw = user_to_passwd(conf[i].who, &who_info);
-			if (!who_pw)
-				die("%s not a valid user", conf[i].who);
-			if (my_pw->pw_uid != who_pw->pw_uid)
-				continue;
-		} else {
-			who_gr = group_to_grp(conf[i].who+1, &who_info);
-			if (!who_gr)
-				die("%s not a valid group", conf[i].who);
-			gid_t w_gid = who_gr->gr_gid;
-			int x = 0;
-			for (; x < n_groups && w_gid != my_groups[x]; x++);
-			if (x == n_groups)
-				continue;
-		}
-
-		if (as_usr) {
-			as_pw = user_to_passwd(conf[i].as, &as_info);
-			if (!as_pw)
-				die("%s not a valid user", conf[i].as);
-			if (t_pw->pw_uid != as_pw->pw_uid)
-				continue;
-		} else {
-			as_gr = group_to_grp(conf[i].as+1, &as_info);
-			if (!as_gr)
-				die("%s not a valid group", conf[i].as);
-			gid_t a_gid = as_gr->gr_gid;
-			int x = 0;
-			for (; x < nt_groups && a_gid != t_groups[x]; x++);
-			if (x == nt_groups)
-				continue;
-		}
-		here = 1;
-		if (conf[i].type == 0)
-			die("Permission denied");
-
-		conf_flags |= conf[i].flags;
-		if (conf[i].env_n) {
-			env_extra = erealloc(env_extra,
-			    (env_extra_n+conf[i].env_n+1)*sizeof(struct env_elem));
-			for (int j = env_extra_n, x = 0; j < env_extra_n + conf[i].env_n; j++, x++)
-				env_extra[j] = conf[i].env[x];
-			env_extra_n += conf[i].env_n;
-			env_extra[env_extra_n] = (struct env_elem){NULL,NULL};
-		}
-
-	}
-	/* We don't need conf anymore */
-	for (int i = 0; i < conf_num; i++) {
-		free(conf[i].who);
-		free(conf[i].as);
-		if (conf[i].env && conf[i].env_n)
-			free(conf[i].env);
-	}
-	free(conf);
-
-	/* No configuration was fount, can't proceed */
-	if (!here)
-		die("no rule found for user %s", my_name);
-
-	/* Authenticate, we will be root from now on */
-	if (!(conf_flags & FLAG_NOPASS))
-		if (authenticate(my_pw->pw_uid, askpass, conf_flags & FLAG_PERSIST)) {
-			if (!(conf_flags & FLAG_NOLOG))
-				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-			char cmd[1024] = {0};
-			for (int i = optind, x = 0; argv[i] && x < 1024; i++)
-				x += snprintf(cmd, 1024-x, "%s ", argv[i]);
-			openlog("us", LOG_NOWAIT, LOG_AUTH);
-			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "user %s tried to run %s as %s"
-			       "but failed", my_name, cmd, t_pw->pw_name);
-			closelog();
-			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	t_pw = user_to_passwd(t_usr);
+	if (!t_pw) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "user_to_passwd: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return errno;
 	}
+	t_gr = group_to_grp(t_grp);
 
 	/* Get target user's shell */
 	if (!shellflag)
@@ -307,18 +114,40 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	/* Set argc and argv */
 	int c_argc = argc - optind;
-	char **c_argv = NULL;
+	char **c_argv;
 	if (c_argc) {
-		c_argv = emalloc(sizeof(char *) * (c_argc + 1));
-		for (int i = 0; optind < argc; optind++, i++)
-			c_argv[i] = estrdup(argv[optind]);
+		c_argv = malloc(sizeof(char *) * (c_argc + 1));
+		if (!c_argv) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "malloc: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+			exit(errno);
+		}
+		for (int i = 0; optind < argc; optind++, i++) {
+			c_argv[i] = strdup(argv[optind]);
+			if (!c_argv[i]) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "strdup: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+				exit(errno);
+			}
+		}
 	} else {
 		c_argc = 1;
-		c_argv = emalloc(sizeof(char *) * (c_argc + 1));
-		c_argv[0] = estrdup(shell);
+		c_argv = malloc(sizeof(char *) * (c_argc + 1));
+		if (!c_argv) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "malloc: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+			exit(errno);
+		}
+		c_argv[0] = strdup(shell);
+		if (!c_argv[0]) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "strdup: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+			exit(errno);
+		}
 	}
 	c_argv[c_argc] = NULL;
 
+	struct env_elem {
+		char *name;
+		char *value;
+	};
+
 	struct env_elem env_keep[] = {
 		{"PATH", NULL},
 		{"TERM", NULL},
@@ -337,12 +166,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{NULL, NULL}
 	};
 
-	/* Copy what has to be copied and then clear the environment, we'll
-	 * make a fresh one later */
-	if (envflag) {
+	if (envflag) {	/* clear env */
 		for (int i = 0; env_keep[i].name; i++)
-			env_keep[i].value = estrdup(getenv(env_keep[i].name));
-		environ = NULL;
+			env_keep[i].value = strdup(getenv(env_keep[i].name));
+		environ = NULL; // in place of clearenv
 	}
 
 	for (int i = 0; env_mod[i].name; i++) {
@@ -353,7 +180,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}	
 	}
 
-	for (int i = 0; envflag &&env_keep[i].name; i++) {
+	if (envflag) {
+		for (int i = 0; env_keep[i].name; i++) {
 			if (env_keep[i].value) {
 				err = setenv(env_keep[i].name, env_keep[i].value, 1);
 				if (err == -1) {
@@ -362,21 +190,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 			}	
 		}
-
-	for (int i = 0; env_extra && env_extra[i].name; i++) {
-		if (env_extra[i].value) {
-			err = setenv(env_extra[i].name, env_extra[i].value, 1);
-			if (err == -1) {
-				fprintf(stderr, "setenv: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-				goto fail_end;
 	}
-		} else {
-			unsetenv(env_extra[i].name);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Do not override, we might be under more levels of 'us' */
-	err = setenv("US_USER", my_name, 0);
+	// do not override, we might be under more levels of 'us'
+	err = setenv("US_USER", my_pw->pw_name, 0);
 
 	errno = 0;
 	/* Set permissions */
@@ -385,19 +201,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		goto fail_end;
 	}
 
-	if (!(conf_flags & FLAG_NOLOG)) {
-		char cmd[1024] = {0};
-		for (int i = 0, x = 0; c_argv[i] && x < 1024; i++)
-			x += snprintf(cmd, 1024-x, "%s ", c_argv[i]);
-		openlog("us", LOG_NOWAIT, LOG_AUTH);
-		syslog(LOG_INFO, "user %s ran %s as %s", my_name, cmd, t_pw->pw_name);
-		closelog();
-	}
-
 	/* Execute the command */
 	err = execvp(c_argv[0], c_argv);
 	if (err == -1)
-		fprintf(stderr, "execvp: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		fprintf(stderr, "execl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
 	/* Cleanup and return */
 	fail_end:
@@ -408,18 +215,17 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	return errno;
 }
 
-static inline void usage(int complete)
+static inline void usage (void)
 {
-	printf("usage: us [-hseA] [-u user] [-g group] [-C config] command [args]\n");
-	if (!complete)
-		return;
-	printf("-h        print this message\n"
-	       "-s        use the user's shell instead of /bin/sh\n"
-	       "-e        keep the user's entire environment\n"
-	       "-A        use the command in US_ASKPASS as askpass helper\n"
-	       "-u user   set new user to 'user' instead of root\n"
-	       "-g group  set new group to 'group'\n"
-	       "-C config use specifi config file\n");
+	// TODO: planned options
+	// -a [program]: like sudo's askpass
+	// -u [user]: change the default user from root to user
+	// -g [group]: change the primary group to [gorup]
+	// 	both -a and -g will accept numbers with #[num] like sudo
+	// -c [file]: manually select config file
+	// something about environment
+	// something about non interactiveness
+	printf("usage: us [-se] [-u user] [-g group] command [args]\n");
 }
 
 static int perm_set (struct passwd *pw, struct group *gr)
@@ -462,196 +268,44 @@ static int perm_set(struct passwd *pw, struct group *gr)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int authenticate(uid_t uid, int ask, int persist)
+static int authenticate (const char *uname)
 {
-	// TODO: implement u2f compat
-	// TODO: check root access, maybe
-	/* try to check if a valid saved session exists */
-	char tmp_file[512] = {0};
-	if (persist) {
-		pid_t sid = getsid(0);
-		if (sid == (pid_t)-1)
-			die("getsid:");
-		if (snprintf(tmp_file, 512, SESSION_FILE_DIR "/us.%d", sid) >= 512)
-			die("snprintf: output truncated");
-		int session_file = open(tmp_file, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-		int valid_session = 1;
-		struct timespec now_t[2] = {0}, old_t[2] = {0};
-		if (session_file != -1) {
-			struct stat st;
-			if (fstat(session_file, &st) == -1) {
-				valid_session = 0;
-			} else if (st.st_uid != 0 || st.st_gid != 0) {
-				valid_session = 0;
-			} else if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
-				valid_session = 0;
-			} else if (st.st_mode & S_IRWXO ||
-			           st.st_mode & S_IROTH ||
-			           st.st_mode & S_IWOTH || st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) {
-				valid_session = 0;
-			} else {
-				int r = read(session_file, old_t, sizeof(struct timespec)*2);
-				if (r != sizeof(struct timespec)*2)
-					valid_session = 0;
-				close(session_file);
-			}
-		} else {
-			valid_session = 0;
+	pam_handle_t *pamh;
+	int pam_err, count = 0;
+
+	do {
+		pam_err = pam_start("User Switcher", uname, &conv, &pamh);
+		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "pam_start: %s\n", pam_strerror(pamh, pam_err));
+			return pam_err;
 		}
 
-		if (valid_session && session_file != -1) {
-			if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &(now_t[0])) == -1)
-				die("clock_gettime:");
-			if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &(now_t[1])) == -1)
-				die("clock_gettime:");
-			if (now_t[0].tv_sec <= old_t[0].tv_sec ||
-			    old_t[0].tv_sec < now_t[0].tv_sec - SESSION_TIMEOUT ||
-			    now_t[1].tv_sec <= old_t[1].tv_sec ||
-			    old_t[1].tv_sec < now_t[1].tv_sec - SESSION_TIMEOUT)
-				valid_session = 0;
-		}
-		if (valid_session)
-			return 0;
-	}
-	/* get the encrypted password */
-	struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(uid);
-	char *hash_p, hash[MAX_HASH];
-	char *p = pw->pw_passwd;
-
-	if (!strcmp(p, "x") || *p == '*' || *p == '!') {
-#if defined(__linux__)
-		/* Get exclusive access to the shadow file, then read
-		 * this should prevent any race conditions */
-		if (lckpwdf() == -1)
-			die("lckpwdf");
-		setspent();
-		struct spwd *sp = getspnam(pw->pw_name);
-		if (sp == NULL)
-			die("getspnam");
-		hash_p = sp->sp_pwdp;
-		endspent();
-		ulckpwdf();
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
-		struct passwd *op = getpwuid_shadow(uid);
-		if (!op)
-			die("getpwuid_shadow:");
-		hash_p = op->pw_passwd;
-#endif
-	} else {
-		hash_p = pw->pw_passwd;
-	}
-	strncpy(hash, hash_p, MAX_HASH - 2);
-	hash[MAX_HASH - 1] = '\0';
-	if (strlen(hash) >= MAX_HASH - 3)
-		die("password hash too long :^)");
-
-	int fd = STDIN_FILENO;
-	char *askpass = getenv("US_ASKPASS");
-	char pass[PASS_MAX] = {0};
-	struct termios tio_pass;
-	if (ask && askpass) {
-		pid_t pid, parent = getpid();
-		int pipefd[2];
-		if (pipe(pipefd) == -1)
-			die("pipe:");
-		switch (pid = fork()) {
-		case -1:
-			die("fork:");
-			break;
-		case 0:
-			/* we are still root, drop off permissions before
-			 * disasters happen, also in case askpass  fails
-			 * before sending anything to stdout, terminate tha
-			 * main process since it would hang forever */
-			if (setuid(uid) == -1) {
-				kill(parent, SIGTERM);
-				die("askpass: setuid:");
-			}
-			if (dup2(pipefd[1], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
-				kill(parent, SIGTERM);
-				die("askpass: dup2:");
-			}
-			close(pipefd[0]);
-			execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", askpass, (char *)NULL);
-			kill(parent, SIGTERM);
-			die("askpass: execl:");
-			break;
-		default:
-			fd = pipefd[0];
-			close(pipefd[1]);
-			break;
-		}
-	} else {
-		printf("Password (%s): ", pw->pw_name);
-		fflush(stdout);
-		if (tcgetattr(tty_fd, &tio_before) == -1)
-			die("tcgetattr:");
-		tio_pass = tio_before;
-		/* Do not echo and accept when enter is pressed */
-		tio_pass.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
-		tio_pass.c_lflag |= ICANON;
-		if (tcsetattr(tty_fd, TCSANOW, &tio_pass) == -1)
-			die("tcsetattr:");
-	}
-	int r = read(fd, pass, PASS_MAX-1);
-	if (!r || r == -1) {
-		if (errno)
-			fprintf(stderr, "read: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-		else
-			printf("Password can't be zero length\n");
-		/* read() may have been interrupted, wait askpass even tough it
-		 * should not be necessary before bailing */
-		waitpid(-1, NULL, 0);
-		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	}
-	pass[PASS_MAX-1] = '\0';
-	/* Remove the terminating (if there is) \n in password */
-	int l = strlen(pass);
-	if (pass[l-1] == '\n')
-		pass[--l] = '\0';
-
-	if (ask && askpass) {
-		close(fd);
-	} else {
-		if (tcsetattr(tty_fd, TCSANOW, &tio_before) == -1)
-			die("tcsetattr:");
+		pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, 0);
+		if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, 0);
 		}
 
-	char *enc = crypt(pass, hash);
-	/* Remove password from memory, just to be sure */
-	memset(pass, 0, PASS_MAX);
-	if (strncmp(hash, enc, PASS_MAX)) {
-		sleep(FAIL_PAUSE);
-		printf("Authentication failure\n");
-		setuid(uid);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	printf("\n");
-
-	if (persist) {
-		if (!tmp_file[0])
-			return 0;
-		int session_file = creat(tmp_file, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP);
-		if (session_file == -1)
-			return 0;
-		chown(tmp_file, 0, 0);
-		struct timespec t[2] = {0};
-		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &(t[0])) == -1)
-			die("clock_gettime:");
-		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &(t[1])) == -1)
-			die("clock_gettime:");
-		write(session_file, t, sizeof(struct timespec)*2);
-		close(session_file);
-	}
-	return 0;
+		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			printf("Auth failed: %s\n", pam_strerror(pamh, pam_err));
+			pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
 		}
 
-/* user_to_passwd() and group_to_passwd() both receive the user/group name
- * in string form, if the sring begins with '#' then the following number
- * is interpreted as the uid/gid and used instead of the name.
- * Both functions return a pointer to a passwd/group struct stored inside
- * the info structure */
-static struct passwd* user_to_passwd(const char *user, struct user_info *info)
+		count++;
+	} while (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS && count < 3);
+
+	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "better luck next time\n");
+		return pam_err;
+	}
+	// FIXME: check again for the validity of the login for more security
+	// as in: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19120-01/open.solaris/819-2145/pam-20/index.html
+	// FIXME: ^C [SIGINT] will interrupt this call possibly causing a
+	// vulnerability
+
+	return pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
+}
+
+static struct passwd* user_to_passwd (const char *user)
 {
 	if (!user) {
 		errno = EINVAL;
@@ -662,22 +316,26 @@ static struct passwd* user_to_passwd(const char *user, struct user_info *info)
 	long uid_l;
 	errno = 0;
 	if (user[0] != '#') {
-		getpwnam_r(user, &(info->d.pw), info->str, STR_MAX, &pw);
+		pw = getpwnam(user);
 	} else {
 		uid_l = strtol(&user[1], NULL, 10);
 		if (uid_l < 0 || errno) {
 			errno = errno ? errno : EINVAL;
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		getpwuid_r((uid_t)uid_l, &(info->d.pw), info->str, STR_MAX, &pw);
+		pw = getpwuid((uid_t)uid_l);
 	}
 
-	if (!pw && !errno)
+	if (!pw) {
+		if (!errno)
 			errno = EINVAL;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return pw;
 }
 
-static struct group* group_to_grp(const char *group, struct user_info *info)
+static struct group* group_to_grp (const char *group)
 {
 	if (!group) {
 		errno = EINVAL;
@@ -688,168 +346,20 @@ static struct group* group_to_grp(const char *group, struct user_info *info)
 	long gid_l;
 	errno = 0;
 	if (group[0] != '#') {
-		getgrnam_r(group, &(info->d.gr), info->str, STR_MAX, &gr);
+		gr = getgrnam(group);
 	} else {
 		gid_l = strtol(&group[1], NULL, 10);
 		if (gid_l < 0 || errno) {
 			errno = errno ? errno : EINVAL;
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		getgrgid_r((gid_t)gid_l, &(info->d.gr), info->str, STR_MAX, &gr);
+		gr = getgrgid((gid_t)gid_l);
 	}
 
-	if (!gr && !errno)
+	if (!gr) {
+		if (!errno)
 			errno = EINVAL;
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	return gr;
 }
-
-/* die() emalloc() estrdup() and erealloc() are all helper functions, wrappers
- * to respective functions that use die() to give a message and then fail */
-void die(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	va_list ap;
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-
-	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-
-	if (fmt[0] && fmt[strlen(fmt) - 1] == ':') {
-		fputc(' ', stderr);
-		perror(NULL);
-	} else {
-		fputc('\n', stderr);
-	}
-
-	va_end(ap);
-	exit(errno ? errno : EXIT_FAILURE);
-}
-
-void *emalloc(size_t s)
-{
-	if (!s || s == (size_t)-1)
-		die("bad malloc: invalid size");
-	void *p = calloc(1, s);
-	if (!p)
-		die("bad malloc:");
-	return p;
-}
-
-void *erealloc(void *p, size_t s)
-{
-	if (!s || s == (size_t)-1)
-		die("bad realloc: invalid size");
-	void *r = realloc(p, s);
-	if (!r)
-		die("bad realloc:");
-	return r;
-}
-
-char *estrdup(const char *s)
-{
-	if (!s)
-		die("bad strdup: cannot duplicate NULL pointer");
-	char *r = strdup(s);
-	if (!r)
-		die("bad strdup:");
-	return r;
-}
-
-/* Parses the config file and stores the result in a config vector pointed
- * by conf of size num */
-static int get_config(struct config **conf, int *num)
-{
-	if (!conf || !num)
-		return -1;
-	FILE *fp = fopen(config_file, "r");
-	if (!fp)
-		die("fopen:");
-	struct stat st;
-	if (fstat(fileno(fp), &st) == -1)
-		die("fstat:");
-	if (st.st_uid != 0 || st.st_gid != 0)
-		die("config file must be owned by root:root");
-	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		die("config file must be a regular file");
-	if (st.st_mode & S_IRWXO || st.st_mode & S_IROTH ||
-	    st.st_mode & S_IWOTH || st.st_mode & S_IXOTH)
-	    	die("others may not modify, read or execute config file\n"
-	    	    "suggested permissions for the config file: 660");
-	char line[CONF_LINE_MAX];
-	*num = 0;
-	*conf =  NULL;
-	for (int i = 0; fgets(line, CONF_LINE_MAX, fp); i++) {
-		char *s, *t, *sv;
-		int n = 0;
-		for (int ll = strlen(line)-1; isspace(line[ll]); line[ll--] = '\0');
-		struct config c = {0};
-		for (s = line;; s = NULL, n++) {
-			int getflags = 0;
-			if (!(t = strtok_r(s, " \t", &sv)))
-				break;
-			if (*t == '#')
-				break;
-			switch (n) {
-			case 0:
-				if (!strcmp(t, "permit"))
-					c.type = 1;
-				else if (!strcmp(t, "deny"))
-					c.type = 0;
-				else
-					die("non valid config line %d", i);
-				break;
-			case 1:
-				c.who = estrdup(t);
-				break;
-			case 2:
-				if (strcmp(t, "as"))
-					die("non valid config line %d", i);
-				break;
-			case 3:
-				c.as = estrdup(t);
-				break;
-			default:
-				getflags = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-			if (!getflags)
-				continue;
-
-			if (isupper(*t)) {
-				char *e, *se, *et;
-				for (e = t;; e = NULL) {
-					if (!(et = strtok_r(e, ",", &se)))
-						break;
-					char *sep;
-					int x;
-					if (!(sep = strchr(et, ',')))
-						die("invalid env at %d", i);
-					c.env = erealloc(c.env, (c.env_n+1)*sizeof(struct env_elem));
-					x = c.env_n;
-					*sep = '\0';
-					for (char *p = et; *p; p++)
-						if (!isupper(*p) && *p != '-'
-						    && *p != '_')
-						    	die("non valid"
-						    	"env at %d", i);
-					c.env[x].name = estrdup(et);
-					c.env[x].value = estrdup(sep+1);
-					c.env_n++;
-				}
-			} else if (!strcmp(t, "persist")) {
-				c.flags |= FLAG_PERSIST;
-			} else if (!strcmp(t, "nopass")) {
-				c.flags |= FLAG_NOPASS;
-			} else if (!strcmp(t, "nolog")) {
-				c.flags |= FLAG_NOLOG;
-			} else {
-				die("flag %s not recognized at %d", t, i);
-			}
-		}
-		if (n < 3)
-			die("non valid config line %d", i);
-		*conf = erealloc(*conf, ((*num)+1)*sizeof(struct config));
-		(*conf)[(*num)] = c;
-		*num += 1;
-	}
-	fclose(fp);
-	return *num;
-}

us.conf.5

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-.TH US.CONF 5 "JULY 2021" "Alessandro Mauri"
-
-.SH NAME
-us.conf \- us configuration file
-
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
-The
-.BR us(1)
-utility executes commands as another identity according to the rules in the
-.BR us.conf
-configuration file.
-.PP
-The rules have the following format:
-.IP
-.BR "permit|deny"
-.BR user
-as
-.BR target
-.OP options
-.OP ENV
-.SS Options
-Possible options are:
-.IP nopass
-The user is not required to enter a password.
-.IP persist
-Once entering the password for the first time, a timer for five minutes is
-started, during those five minutes the user is not required to re-enter
-the password for that session. Re-invoking us resets that timer.
-.IP nolog
-Do not log to
-.BR syslog(2)
-command outcome
-.PP
-The sum of matching rules determines the action taken, if no rules match
-the action is denied.
-.PP
-Comments are made by having the first non-blank character of a line be an hash
-mark ('#'), comments take up the whole line and cannot be embedded in the
-middle of a line.
-.PP
-A valid user or target is an alphanumeric string containing the name of the
-target. If the target is a user, the string begins with [0-9A-z]; if the
-target is a group then the has to begin with ':'. Instead of the name of the
-user/group it's number can be used, in that case the part of the string that
-would contain the name must begin with '#' (so after a possible ':').
-.PP
-As options a comma separated list of environment variables can be specified,
-these will be added or will override existing environment variables during
-execution of the command. A valid environment variable list starts with an
-uppercase letter and ends at the next space.
-.PP
-A valid config line must be owned by root:root and should not be readable,
-writable or executable for any other user or group, in other words the best
-file permissions for the config file are
-.BR 660
-if the config file fails to meet this requirements it will get rejected and
-invocation will fail.
-
-.SH FILES
-.IP /etc/us.conf
-us(1) configuration file
-
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.PP
-The following example will allow root to execute commands as itself without
-requiring a password and without logging:
-.PP
-.EX
-permit root as root nopass nolog
-.EE
-.PP
-This next example allows users in the wheel group to execute commands as
-root including a new environment variable IS_WHEEL set to 'yes' and the variable
-EDITOR will be set to ed, the standard unix editor:
-.PP
-.EX
-permit :wheel as root IS_WHEEL=yes,EDITOR=ed
-.EE
-.PP
-In this example the user maria is allowed to execute commands as a member of
-the group wheel and the session is remembered so that in the next five
-minutes the password won't be needed:
-.PP
-.EX
-permit maria as :wheel persist
-.EE
-.PP
-This time the user joe is denied to execute commands as anyone who's member of
-the group 'coolppl' because joe is uncool
-.PP
-.EX
-deny joe as :coolppl
-.EE
-
-.SH LIMITATIONS
-.PP
-Due to the way the environment is parsed, neither the name nor the value can
-contain commas.
-
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR us(1)
-
-.SH AUTHOR
-Alessandro Mauri <alemauri001@tuta.io>