resolved all typos with aspell
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.gitignore
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@ -1 +1,2 @@
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dst/**
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**/*.bak
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Official links:
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Unofficial links:
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* [Userspace documentaion](https://alsa.opensrc.org/)
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* [Userspace documentation](https://alsa.opensrc.org/)
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* [A close look at ALSA](https://www.volkerschatz.com/noise/alsa.html)
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* ST's (the microchip company) [general look at ALSA](https://wiki.st.com/stm32mpu/wiki/ALSA_overview)
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@ -170,12 +170,12 @@ of its instantaneous amplitude taken at regular intervals the representation of
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each sample can take several forms.
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In ALSA we usually use the term PCM to refer to a **PCM device**, a PCM device
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is something like an abstract soundcard. It can either be a hardware device or a
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is something like an abstract sound card. It can either be a hardware device or a
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PCM plugin layer device (like dmix, softvol, etc).
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#### Open modes
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**Blocking mode (0)**: when opening a PCM in blocked (which is the default mode)
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the behaviour is that if the resources are already in use with another
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the behavior is that if the resources are already in use with another
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application, then it blocks the caller, until resources are free.
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**Non blocking mode (SND_PCM_NONBLOCK)**: the non-blocked mode doesn't block the
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@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ the resources are not available.
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The opening modes affect all the standard I/O operations (such as writing), in
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the same way the options operate with `open(2)` and `write(2)`, so instead of
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making the calling process wait when the resource is not available, operations
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return `-EAGAIN /* EAGAIN * -1 */`, which literally means resource temporarly
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return `-EAGAIN /* EAGAIN * -1 */`, which literally means resource temporarily
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unavailable. The operation mode for successive (to opening) I/O calls can be
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changed with the `snd_pcm_nonblock()` function.
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@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ typedef struct _snd_pcm {
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} snd_pcm_t;
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```
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That's a lot of stuff but luckly we have functions to operate on this struct.
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That's a lot of stuff but luckily we have functions to operate on this struct.
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#### `snd_pcm_open`
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Open a pcm returning it's handle that is pointer to it's defining data structure,
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@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ ARGS:
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RESULT: RETURN: `(int)` 0 on success or negative code on error
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#### `snd_pcm_nonblock`
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Change the nonblocking mode on opened PCMs
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Change the non-blocking mode on opened PCMs
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```c
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int snd_pcm_nonblock (snd_pcm_t *pcm, int nonblock);
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ lines of code. Let's get to the data.
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**UPDATE**: I changed the method for counting lines of code, that is I changed
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utility from [scc][1] to [cloc][2]. The reason behind this is that [cloc][2]
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allows to excude a list of languages from the code count, that way I can count
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allows to exclude a list of languages from the code count, that way I can count
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only the lines that matter excluding stuff like documentation and so on.
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So entries marked with *"x"* mean that they were re-counted using the following
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command (that's a big command):
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ wasting my time.
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If you'd like to see what I'm up to there are links to my git repositories in
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the header, I advise to look at the Gitea link because it is my self-hosted
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git server and my Github is in a state of abbandon.
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git server and my Github is in a state of abandon.
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For any questions my email is in the footer of every page.
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This website is statically generated using [rivet][rivet], my own static site
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@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ bloat, so here's a list of programs that I would like to see made/remade and
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perhaps that I will make.
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## A proper init system
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Yes I know, starting strong with a controvercial one, here are my reasons I
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Yes I know, starting strong with a controversial one, here are my reasons I
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would like to see a new init system on the table:
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1. Other options suck
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- systemd is botne bloat bigger than 90% of every other linux
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- systemd is botnet bloat bigger than 90% of every other linux
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project out there
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- runit is fine but it lacks support for oneshots, easy user services
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and targets/dependencies
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@ -62,5 +62,5 @@ it working.
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How should the alternative work? Kinda like fprintd but with just 2 components:
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- A fingerprint database manager to add, remove, modify and verify fingerprints
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- A PAM module for authentication
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Everything else can be done with a combination of those two components and shome
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Everything else can be done with a combination of those two components and shame
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shell glue, you don't really need anything else.
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@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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Title: Thinkapd x301 Restoration: Hardware Mods
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Title: ThinkPad x301 Restoration: Hardware Mods
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Author: Alessandro Mauri
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# Thinkapd x301 Restoration Project: Hardware Modifications
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# ThinkPad x301 Restoration Project: Hardware Modifications
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As I have to tear at least one Thinkpd down I thought that doing some hardware
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As I have to tear at least one ThinkPad down I thought that doing some hardware
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modifications would be a good idea. Some things I would like to do are:
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1. A display mod, the stock x301 display is decent but for 2008 stadards.
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1. A display mod, the stock x301 display is decent but for 2008 standards.
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As far as I know there are no good options for a display mod, as the x300
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and x301 screens were made specifically for these laptops, but maybe a
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good AFFS screen can be found and substituted.
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@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ modifications would be a good idea. Some things I would like to do are:
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instead of the default charging connector, they signal compatible power
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supplies to deliver 20V thus charging the laptop. This is very cool because
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it allows old ThinkPads to be charged via modern chargers, which are among
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other things, much more efficien and light.
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other things, much more efficient and light.
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3. Cleaning the fan bearing. The old bearing is, well, old and it makes an
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awful sound. This is not only very unpleasant but also lowers cooling and
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power efficiency
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4. Full repaste, very basic, much needed.
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5. Changing the default wifi card to a "freedom respecting" [Atheros AR9382][wf]
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4. Full re-paste, very basic, much needed.
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5. Changing the default WiFi card to a "freedom respecting" [Atheros AR9382][wf]
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card, from 2010 it has a maximum speed of 300Mb in download and god-knows in
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upload. Certified under false brands as [RYF][ryf] hardware by the fsf is
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upload. Certified under false brands as [RYF][ryf] hardware by the FSF is
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is very well supported by open-source drivers.
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6. Use a microSata to MSata converter in order to use faster and more modern
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SSDs, this will increase the responsitivity of the machine by a lot.
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7. Upgrade the bluetooth module from 2.0 to 4.0, this is not only for better
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7. Upgrade the Bluetooth module from 2.0 to 4.0, this is not only for better
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speeds but also for better power saving.
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8. New third party battery, this is also needed on most old laptops
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@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ modifications would be a good idea. Some things I would like to do are:
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This stuff is rather easy, calling replacing a card a "hardware mod" is a
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stretch but better put it here than somewhere else.
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In general a good resource for simple modifications and general informations
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about the ThinkPad x301 is the [Mc Donnell Tech webstite][donnell]
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In general a good resource for simple modifications and general information
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about the ThinkPad x301 is the [Mc Donnell Tech website][donnell]
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Let's begin with the battery, the ThinkPad x301 came with three battery
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[options][batteries]:
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@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Buying a new battery can cost you upwards of 50€ and I'm not really sure about
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the difference between the third parties, I'll have to do some more research
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on that.
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Moving on to WiFi, the preinstalled one is an Intel 5XXX wifi link something
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Moving on to WiFi, the preinstalled one is an Intel 5XXX WiFi link something
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something. Not bad but not great, some other options are:
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- [Atheros AR9382][wf], good driver support but _average_ speeds, also this
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ something. Not bad but not great, some other options are:
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- [Intel Centrino Ultimate-N 6300][centrino] (FRU 60Y3233), better speeds and
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power efficiency, unsure about driver support and "freedom respect"
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- [Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 7260 Plus Bluetooth][ac7260] (FRU 04W3814), as
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the name implies it has bluetooth builtin and even greater speeds, again tho
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the name implies it has Bluetooth builtin and even greater speeds, again tho
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I'm not sure about drivers and freedom. Also a [hardware mod][ac7260mod] may
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be required for it to work.
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@ -71,15 +71,15 @@ Onto Bluetooth, there are a couple of [FRUs][fru] (cards) that will work out of
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the box (and for all I know at all), there are:
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- The preinstalled BT 2.0 boards
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- [FRU 60Y3303][bt1] bluetooth 4.0 from Foxconn
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- [FRU 60Y3305][bt2] bluetooth 4.0 from Liteon
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- [FRU 60Y3303][bt1] Bluetooth 4.0 from Foxconn
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- [FRU 60Y3305][bt2] Bluetooth 4.0 from Liteon
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One of the 4.0 cards will serve me nicely, as far as I know there is no real
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difference between the two so no stress in picking one or the other.
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Finally the [micro SATA][usata] to [mSATA][msata] converter board. The x301
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originally used a micro SATA SSD or HDD, these come in a non-common 1.8"
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format which to my knownledge manufacturers no longer use. So the idea is to
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format which to my knowledge manufacturers no longer use. So the idea is to
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use a [commercially available][umconverter] converter board along with a
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[3D printable caddy][caddyfile] (source [here][caddy]) in order to use
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common mSATA SSDs.
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@ -111,4 +111,4 @@ This image was taken [from this forum post][affsforum]
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[msata]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Mini-SATA_(mSATA)
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[umconverter]: https://www.amazon.it/Sconosciuto-msata-Express-Converter-Adapter/dp/B01AP5RSZY
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[caddy]: https://www.reddit.com/r/thinkpad/comments/e0rbfq/thinkpad_x301_msata_adapter_caddy/
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[caddyfile]: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3996754
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[caddyfile]: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3996754
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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Title: Thinkapd x301 Restoration: Paintjob
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Title: ThinkPad x301 Restoration: Paint-job
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Author: Alessandro Mauri
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# ThinkPad x301 Restoration Project: Paintjob
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# ThinkPad x301 Restoration Project: Paint-job
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There are basically two options worth noting:
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@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ The cons of paint are:
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- Longer preparation
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- Harder to work with
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- Different materials need different paints and/or base coats (metal for the
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lid and plasic for everything else)
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lid and plastic for everything else)
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- Harder to apply right
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- Harder to fix mistakes
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- Higher price
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One "paint" that [some people][pdip] use on old ThinkPads is PlastiDip, It is
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a rubber coating paint that goes on without preparation and can be peeled off.
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It has the best of both worldsm, the ability to apply multiple coats while
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It has the best of both wolds, the ability to apply multiple coats while
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requiring no prep and being easily removable.
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Also, as seen in the video, the wear does not peel it like vinyl wrap, instead
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it "scrapes" off like paint which looks much better. Lastly I think that the
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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ some.
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## Using vinyl wraps
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Vinyl wrap films are thin, sticky, texturized sheets of plastic which one can
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Vinyl wrap films are thin, sticky, textured sheets of plastic which one can
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apply onto a surface, kinda like a very big sticker, in order to change it's
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color. This is not news for cars and for [laptops][dbrand], vinyl "skins" are
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a convenient way to change the color of a surface, they are removable, easy to
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@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ apply and can form to most surfaces.
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Pros of vinyl wraps are:
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- Much easyer prep work and installation
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- Much easier prep work and installation
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- Good durability
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- "All in one" solution to the problem
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- Very cost-effective
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@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Two big cons of vinyl wraps are:
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smooth as possible (I imagine); this is not good for a laptop since it will
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attract more fingerprints and in general make the whole thing feel worse
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to the touch, there is a reason why originally Lenovo went with a rubber
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finiss.
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finish.
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2. Damage is worse on vinyl; with paint if you scratch it at worst you reveal
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the material under it, in most cases you uncover the coat underneath. With
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vinyl wraps, since it is basically a big sticker, bumps and scratches
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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Another consideration is thickness, my plan for vinyl is to apply it on the
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completely disassembled laptop, in order to wrap a bit on the parts that are
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"internal" to the assembly, basically squeezing it to prevent it coming off.
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With a sheet that is close to a millimeter thick there is just not enough
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tollerance to comfortably fit it in between seems.
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tolerance to comfortably fit it in between seems.
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Lastly, one thing peculiar about the x301 are the port icons on the up side,
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they wear out easily but I really want to recreate them if possible. This would
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@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ Vinyl wrap options:
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## Colors
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One part of a thinkpad is it's color, black is the most obvious way to go, but
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One part of a ThinkPad is it's color, black is the most obvious way to go, but
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what shade?
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There are many many shades of black and many more finishes. Do you want matte
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or glossy, dark or light, texture or no texture, metrallic shine or not; you
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or glossy, dark or light, texture or no texture, metallic shine or not; you
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get the idea.
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While making an all white thinkpad is an interesting project I think the best
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While making an all white ThinkPad is an interesting project I think the best
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way to go is to stick with the default black, at least for the interiors, the
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lid may see some touches later on.
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@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ Here are some shades that I really liked:
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Another option, that would look good and also be cheaper is to remove all the
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paint and replace it with, well, nothing.
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There are many examples of people doing just this [1][np1] and altough some say
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There are many examples of people doing just this [1][np1] and although some say
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that exposing the bare metal and plastic to the environment will deteriorate it
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but maybe covering it with a protective layer will help.
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@ -138,4 +138,4 @@ but maybe covering it with a protective layer will help.
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[3m2080]: https://www.3mitalia.it/3M/it_IT/p/d/b5005081006/
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[deadmatte]: https://www.sirvisual.it/3m-wrap-film-serie-2080/3m-wrap-film-2080dm12-dead-matte-black!0-9223
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[pdip]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ1HCSXNHX8
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[np1]: https://forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=121754
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[np1]: https://forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=121754
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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Title: Thinkapd x301 Restoration: Preamble
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Title: ThinkPad x301 Restoration: Preamble
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Author: Alessandro Mauri
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# ThinkPad x301 Restoration Project: Preamble
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@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ Well not so fast because, as I learned the hard way, the Lenovo ThinkPad x301
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has a particular quirk: It has what I think is the shittiest rubber coating
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among all ThinkPads.
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Three out of three of the laptops I bought had some issues with the coating,
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on the lid AND the palmrest which, in this particular model, is treated with the
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on the lid AND the palm rest which, in this particular model, is treated with the
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same coating as the lid. The problem is that this coating is now over 11-13
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years old (the x301 was in production from 2008 to 2010) and it shows.
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The problems I encountered are two:
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1. Stickyness of the rubber
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1. Stickiness of the rubber
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2. Almost impossible to clean
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I tried several methods of cleaning and surface restoration, I will briefly list
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@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ them now.
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[here][lid2] and in many more places
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2. Soapy water
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3. Just water on a tissue
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4. Denaturated alchol
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4. Denatured alcohol
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All of the above either yielded no results or made things worse. The first
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method with the magic eraser and cream worked to some extent but the rubber
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coating on the x301 is so _thin_ that I would have completely removed it before
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getting rid of the stickyness.
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getting rid of the stickiness.
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The thinness of the coatings apparently was intentional as the main focus for
|
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the x300 and x301 was lightweight, so some corners were cut in terms of the
|
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number of coatings (I am **not** a reliable source).
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ bad condition and it was already somewhat peeled).
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Easy, I will take them apart, one by one, mix and match parts to make two decent
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x301s and completely restore them!
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One is going staright to Ebay and the other stays with me.
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One is going straight to Ebay and the other stays with me.
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In the next entries of this blog series I will show in detail the whole process,
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from thought to result, I will use this blog as a notepad for ideas and for
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@ -60,4 +60,4 @@ mocking myself over stupid mistakes along the line.
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[lid1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv9p32ImZxI
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[lid2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F50ya07onqo
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[sothin]:
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[sothin]:
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@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
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Title: Thinkapd x301 Restoration: Software
|
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Title: ThinkPad x301 Restoration: Software
|
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Author: Alessandro Mauri
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# ThinkPad x301 Restoration Project: Software Side
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Of course me being me I can't just modify the hardware, I also have to do
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something about the software side of things. Afterall if I just slapped
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something about the software side of things. After all if I just slapped
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Windows 10 on it, it would just be an old slow laptop. But I want more, I want
|
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lightning fast boot times, I want a good experience and most of all I want
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freedom where I can get it.
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## [Libreboot][lboot]
|
||||
|
||||
Yes! After some 5 years of dormiency the Libreboot project came out with a
|
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Yes! After some 5 years of dormancy the Libreboot project came out with a
|
||||
[new beta release][newboot] that [adds support for the x301][xboot].
|
||||
|
||||
Basically Libreboot is a BIOS replacement, it completely replaces all of the
|
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@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ old BIOS stuff with a _libre_ alternative, which has many advantages:
|
||||
|
||||
1. MUCH faster boot times
|
||||
2. Completely respects your freedom
|
||||
3. COmpletely disables the intel ME and replaces all proprietary firmware with
|
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3. Completely disables the intel ME and replaces all proprietary firmware with
|
||||
libre software
|
||||
4. While being simpler (no menu, no live configuration, etc.) it actually
|
||||
allows for much greater flexibility in th boot process
|
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allows for much greater flexibility in the boot process
|
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|
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Libreboot works by setting up a minimal environment, enough to load
|
||||
[GRUB][grub], then GRUB proceeds to load the OS or other things.
|
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ is pressed like shift, during the boot process, will load a menu of options
|
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containing all the operating systems, some diagnostic, Tianocore and SeaBIOS
|
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(everything needs to boot). Otherwise when no key is pressed it should boot
|
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straight into the first available OS.
|
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Disclaimer: I have not seen this elsewhere and altough I think it should be
|
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Disclaimer: I have not seen this elsewhere and although I think it should be
|
||||
possible, I don't really know.
|
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|
||||
[lboot]: https://libreboot.org/
|
||||
@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ possible, I don't really know.
|
||||
[xboot]: https://libreboot.org/docs/release/libreboot20210522.html#lenovo-thinkpad-x301
|
||||
[grub]: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
|
||||
[sbios]: https://www.seabios.org/SeaBIOS
|
||||
[tcore]: https://www.tianocore.org/
|
||||
[tcore]: https://www.tianocore.org/
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user